Warning Signs of Mental Illness
Major mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder rarely appear “out of the blue.” Most often family, friends, teachers or individuals themselves begin to recognize small changes or a feeling that “something is not quite right” about their thinking, feelings or behavior before a illness appears in its full-blown form.
Learning about developing symptoms, or early warning signs, and taking action can help. Early intervention can help reduce the severity of an illness. It may even be possible to delay or prevent a major mental illness altogether.
Signs & Symptoms
If several of the following are occurring, it may useful to follow up with a mental health professional.
- Sleep or appetite changes — Dramatic sleep and appetite changes or decline in personal care
- Mood changes — Rapid or dramatic shifts in emotions or depressed feelings
- Withdrawal — Recent social withdrawal and loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed
- Drop in functioning — An unusual drop in functioning, at school, work or social activities, such as quitting sports, failing in school or difficulty performing familiar tasks
- Problems thinking — Problems with concentration, memory or logical thought and speech that are hard to explain
- Increased sensitivity — Heightened sensitivity to sights, sounds, smells or touch; avoidance of over-stimulating situations
- Apathy — Loss of initiative or desire to participate in any activity
- Feeling disconnected — A vague feeling of being disconnected from oneself or one’s surroundings; a sense of unreality
- Illogical thinking — Unusual or exaggerated beliefs about personal powers to understand meanings or influence events; illogical or “magical” thinking typical of childhood in an adult
- Nervousness — Fear or suspiciousness of others or a strong nervous feeling
- Unusual behavior – Odd, uncharacteristic, peculiar behavior
One or two of these symptoms alone can’t predict a mental illness but may indicate a need for further evaluation. If a person is experiencing several at one time and the symptoms are causing serious problems in the ability to study, work or relate to others, he/she should be seen by a physician or mental health professional. People with suicidal thoughts or intent, or thoughts of harming others, need immediate attention.
Taking Action, Getting Help
More than a decade of research around the world has shown that early intervention can often minimize or delay symptoms, prevent hospitalization and improve prognosis. Even if a person does not yet show clear signs of a diagnosable mental illness, these “red flag” early warning symptoms can be frightening and disruptive.
Encourage the person to:
- Have an evaluation by a mental health or other health care professional.
- Learn about mental illness, including signs and symptoms.
- Receive supportive counseling about daily life and strategies for stress management.
- Be monitored closely for conditions requiring more intensive care.
Recognize that stigma may pose a significant barrier to seeking help.
Each individual’s situation must be assessed carefully and treatment should be individualized. Comprehensive treatment to prevent early symptoms from progressing into serious illness can include ongoing individual and family counseling, vocational and educational support, participation in a multi-family problem-solving group, and medication when appropriate.
Family members are valued partners and should be involved whenever possible. Learning about mental illness and what is happening in the brain can help individuals and families understand the significance of symptoms, how an illness might develop and what can be done to help.
Resources
- American Psychiatric Association Foundation: The Notice. Talk. Act.™ at Home Infographic (.pdf) helps parents/guardians/caregivers better understand how they can notice changes in family member's behavior, when to engage in a conversation, and what potential action steps they should take.
- American Psychiatric Association Foundation: The Notice. Talk. Act.™ at Home COVID-19 and Beyond (.pdf)
- National Institute on Mental Health
- Mental Health America
- National Alliance on Mental Illness
- Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance
For Schools: Helping Students
Notice. Talk. Act.™ at School helps staff build relationships, Notice when a student might be showing signs of mental health and other distress, how to Talk to them to show care and concern, and Act when appropriate to connect the student to support services. is a school mental health education program from the APA Foundation. It helps educate school personnel to be able to identify and support students who may need help.
For Employers: Creating a Supportive Workplace
ICU (“I See You”) is a mental health program offered to employers at no cost through the APA Foundation’s Partnership for Workplace Mental Health. Through the program, employees learn how to reach out and connect with distressed peers who may need support.
For Employers: Addressing Depression in the Workplace
Right Direction is a free program for employers aimed at raising awareness about stress and depression in the workplace, demystifying the symptoms and treatments, and giving employees the information they need to get help.